Reference Guide

 

Foundation University Journal of Dentistry adheres to the Vancouver style of referencing for publication. Authors are responsible for the accuracy and completeness of their references and correct in-text citation. If massive corrections to the references are found to be necessary for the event that your manuscript is accepted, FUJD Editor reserves the right to rescind the accepted decision and reject the article.

  • In the main text, tables, and figure legends, References should be indicated by superscripted number e.g. 1 according to the order of appearance in the text and placed after punctuation. [The actual authors can be referred to, but the reference number(s) must always be given.]
  • If you wish to cite two or more references together, place a comma between the numbers, e.g. 1, 2
  • If you wish to cite a series of consecutive references use a dash, e.g. 2-5
  • References are listed in numerical order, and in the same order in which they are cited in the text. The reference list appears at the end of the paper.
  • In the reference list, Use Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) for listing the references.
  • References cited in tables or figure legends should be included in sequence at the point where the table or figure is first mentioned in the main text.
  • Manuscripts accepted for publication may be cited and should include the manuscript’s DOI, if known.
  • Do not cite abstracts unless they are the only available reference to an important concept.
  • Do not cite uncompleted work or work that has not yet been accepted for publication (i.e., “unpublished observation”, “personal communication”) as references.
  • Vancouver Style does not use the full journal name, only the commonly used abbreviation. The titles of journals must be abbreviated according to the style used in the National Library of Medicine's - NLM Catalog: Journals referenced in the NCBI databases.
  • If you cannot find a particular journal-title in the NLM catalog: Journals referenced in the NCBI databases try: CAS Source Index (CASSI) search tool or Index Medicus - abbreviations of journal titles
  • If more than 1 author: give all authors' names and separate each by a comma and space.
  • For articles with 1 to 6 authors, list all authors. For articles with more than 6 authors, list the first 6 authors then add 'et al.'
  • Enter author's surname followed by no more than 2 initials (full stop).
  • Book title, chapter, section title, and article – capitalize the first letter of the first word of the title, proper nouns, proper adjectives, and acronyms.
  • Presented papers, unless they are subsequently published in proceedings or peer-reviewed journals, may not be cited as references.
  • org may not be cited as a reference.
  • For most manuscripts, authors should limit references to materials published in peer-reviewed professional journals.
  • Also, authors should verify all references against the original documents.
  • The reference list is a numbered list and should be single-spaced with a one-line space between each entry.

Format and examples of Vancouver style references are given below:

1.  Articles in Journals

  • Journal Article (1 to 6 authors):

Format: Author AA, Author BB, Author CC, Author DD, Author EE, Author FF. Title of article. Title of journal, abbreviated. Year of Publication;Volume Number(Issue Number): Page Numbers.

Example:

Skalsky KL, Yahav D, Bishara JM, Pitlik S, Leibovici L, Paul M. Azithromycin as an adjunctive treatment of aggressive periodontitis: 12-months randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2008;35(8):696-704.

  • Journal Article (More than 6 authors):

Format: Author AA, Author BB, Author CC, Author DD, Author EE, Author FF, et al. Title of article. Title of journal, abbreviated. Year of Publication;Volume Number(Issue Number): Page Numbers.

Example:

Hanna JN, McBride WJ, Brookes DL, Shield J, Taylor CT, Smith IL, et al. Hendra virus infection in veterinarian. Med J Aust. 2006 Nov 20;185(10):562‐64.

  • Electronic journal article without DOI number

Format: Author AA, Author BB, Author CC. Title of article. Title of journal, abbreviated [Internet]. Publication year, month, day (month and day only if available) [cited date - year, month, day];Volume Number(Issue Number):Page Numbers. Available from: URL

Example:

Tasdemir T, Yesilyurt C, Ceyhanli KT, Celik D, Er K. Evaluation of apical filling after root canal filling by 2 different techniques. J Can Dent Assoc [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2009 Jun 14];75(3):437-58. Available from: http://www.cda-adc.ca/jcda/vol-75/issue-3/201.html

  • Electronic journal article with DOI number

Format: Author AA, Author BB, Author CC. Title of article. Title of journal, abbreviated [Internet]. Publication year, month, day (month and day only if available) [cited date - year, month, day];Volume Number(Issue Number):Page Numbers. Available from: URL (if no URL - just enter the DOI number). doi: 

Example:

Puri S, O'Brian MR. The hmuQ and hmuD genes from Bradyrhizobium japonicum encode heme‐degrading enzymes. J Bacteriol [Internet]. 2006 Sep [cited 2012 Aug 2];188(18):6476‐82. Available from: http://jb.asm.org/cgi/content/full/18id=16952937. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.03.009

  • Journal Article In Press

Format: Author AA, Author BB, Author CC, Author DD, Author EE, Author FF. Title of article. Title of journal, abbreviated. Year of Publication;Volume Number(Issue Number): Forthcoming - year of expected publication.

Example:

Rourke E, Hussain R, Buscombe JR, Hilson AJ. Overlying urostomy bag simulating urinary leak in a postrenal transplant MAG3 study. Clin Nucl Med. Forthcoming 2006 (Can include date, volume and issue number if provided)

2.  Books

  • Book in Print

Format: Author AA, Author BB, Author CC, editor(s), if any. Title of book. Edition (if not the first). Place of publication: Publisher; Year.

Example(s):

Fauci AS, Mason J. Concepts in dental public health. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.

Dionne RA, Phero JC, Becker DE, editors. Management of pain and anxiety in the dental office. 4th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2002.

Braunwald E, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, et al. Harrison’s principles of internal medicine. 17th ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 2008.

  • Chapter in an edited book

Format: Author AA, Author BB. Title of chapter. In: Editor AA, Editor BB, editors. Title of book. Edition (if not the first). Place of publication: Publisher; Year. p. [Page numbers of Chapter].

Example:

Blaxter PS, Farnsworth TP. Social health and class inequalities. In: Carter C, Peel JR, editors. Equalities and inequalities in health. 2nd ed. London: Academic Press; 1976. p. 165-78.

  • Chapter in an edited electronic book

Format: Author AA, Author BB. Title of chapter. In: Editor AA, Editor BB, editors. Title of book [Internet]. Edition (if not the first). Place of publication: Publisher; Year. [cited YYYY Mon DD]. p. [page or chapter number/s]. Available from: URL DOI [if available]

Example:

Halpen-Felsher BL, Morrell HE. Preventing and reducing tobacco use. In: Berlan ED, Bravender T, editors. Adolescent medicine today: a guide to caring for the adolescent patient [Internet]. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co.; 2012 [cited 2012 Nov 3]. Chapter 18. Available from: http://www.worldscientific.com/ DOI/10.1142/9789814324496_0018

  • Government and other reports

Format: Author AA, Author BB. Title of report. Place of publication: Publisher; Date of publication. Total number of pages. Report No.:

Example:

Rowe IL, Carson NE. Medical manpower in Victoria. East Bentleigh (AU): Monash University, Department of Community Practice; 1981. 35 p. Report No.: 4.

3.  Dictionaries and encyclopedias

  • Article from online reference work

Format: Title of encyclopedia [Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher; year. Title of article; [updated YYYY Mon DD; cited YYYY Mon DD]; [# of pages/screens]. Available from: URL

Example:

A.D.A.M. medical encyclopedia [Internet]. Atlanta (GA): A.D.A.M., Inc.; c2005. Ear barotrauma; [updated 2006 Oct 20; cited 2006 Nov 16]; [about 4 screens]. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001064.htm

  • Article from electronic drug guide

Format: Title of work [Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher/Website; year. Name of drug: [revision/review date; cited YYY Mon DD]; [# of pages/screens]. Available from: URL

Example:

AHFS consumer medication information [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc.; ©2008. Protriptyline: [revised 2007 Aug 1; reviewed 2007 Aug 1; cited 2008 Oct 2]; [about 5 p.]. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo /meds/a604025.html

4.   Audiovisual media

  • Video file e.g. Web streaming video

Format: Author A. Title [format]. Place of publication: Publisher; date of publication [date it was viewed]. Available from: URL

Example:

Silverstein O. Mothers and sons: the crucial connection [web streaming video]. Hanover (USA): Microtraining Associates; 2005 [cited 2010 May 27]. Available from: http://ctiv.alexanderstreet. com/View/536289

5.   From the Internet

  • Webpage: Homepage

Format: Author/organization’s name. Title of the page [Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher's name; Date or year of publication [updated yr. month day; cited yr. month day]. Available from: URL

Example:

Diabetes Australia. Diabetes globally [Internet]. Canberra ACT: Diabetes Australia; 2012 [updated 2012 June 15; cited 2012 Nov 5]. Available from: http://www.diabetesaustralia.com.au/en/ Understanding-Diabetes/DiabetesGlobally/

  • Part of Website

Format: Title of the homepage [Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher's name; Date or year of publication. Title of specific page/part; Date of publication of part [Date cited of part]; [location or pagination of part]. Available from: URL

Example:

Australian Medical Association [Internet]. Barton ACT: AMA; c1995-2012. Junior doctors and medical students call for urgent solution to medical training crisis; 2012 Oct 22 [cited 2012 Nov 5]; [about 3 screens]. Available from: https://ama.com.au/media/junior-doctors -and-medical-students-call-urgentsolution-medical-training-crisis

  • Image from web

Format: Author or organization. Title [image on Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher's name; date of publication [date cited]. Available from: URL

Example:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Shingles on the face. [image on Internet]. 2011 [updated 2011 Jan 10; cited 2012 Nov 6]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/shingles/about/photos.html

More detailed guidelines on Vancouver Style Referencing can be accessed from the National Library of Medicine (NLM).