Assessment of Gingival Biotype in Mandibular Anterior Segment with Different Malocclusion

Abstract

Objective: To assess the effect of different dental malocclusion on gingival biotype in the mandibular anterior tooth region and their significant relation.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Institute of Dentistry, Orthodontics Out-Patient Department, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro. The sample size was calculated using the Epitool sample size calculator. Non-probability convenient sampling was used. Those patients who met the selection criteria were enrolled in the study and were divided into three groups; Angle Class I, Class II and Class III malocclusion. Measurement of gingival biotype was done by a periodontal probe by the trans gingival probing method by probing the sulcus of the mid-facial aspect through the gingival margin. Statistical analysis was carried out by using the program SPSS Statistics version 22.0 (IBM Co, Armonk, NY, USA). Descriptive statistics for quantitative variables were presented as mean and standard deviation. Frequency and percentage were calculated for categorical variables. Differentiation between the means of these variables was calculated by variance analysis (ANOVA) analysis.

Results: Mean age of the patients was 18.15±4.085. It is observed that the gingival biotype of the teeth in the lower anterior region is thin except for the right lateral incisors which showed a thick gingival biotype in angle class I and class II malocclusion. No statistically significant differentiation was seen in our study among the gingival biotype of lower anterior teeth and type of malocclusion, except for right and left lower lateral incisors with p-values of 0.33 and 0.28 respectively.

Conclusion: This study concludes that the gingival biotype has no statistically significant difference with different types of malocclusion groups.