Assessing the Interrelationship of Obesity Indicators with Periodontal Health in a Cohort of Pakistani Population

Muhammad Mohsin Haider; Madiha Anwar; Kulsoom Fatima Rizvi; Arsalan Khalid; Maria Moin; Farzeen Tanwir

doi:10.33897/fujd.v4i1.363

Muhammad Mohsin Haider Senior Lecturer, Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
Madiha Anwar Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Biology, Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
Kulsoom Fatima Rizvi Professor, Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
Arsalan Khalid Assistant Professor and Head, Department of Oral Medicine, Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
Maria Moin Assistant Professor and Head, Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
Farzeen Tanwir Professor and Head, Department of Periodontology, Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33897/fujd.v4i1.363

Keywords: Body-Mass Index, Obesity, Oral Health, Overweight, Periodontitis, Waist-Hip Ratio

Abstract

Objectives: Obesity is a growing public health concern worldwide, linked to various systemic diseases, including periodontitis. The study aims to evaluate the association between periodontitis and obesity using Body Mass Index and Waist-Hip Ratio.

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at Bahria University Dental College, recruiting 120 patients (72 females, 48 males) from the dental OPD. Participants were categorized into three groups based on their BMI: Normal, Overweight, and Obese. Periodontal parameters were measured and compared among these groups.

Results: It was observed that the majority of the obese subjects had PPD in the range of 0–3 mm while 9 of the obese subjects had pocket depth in the range of >3 mm and < 6 mm (p=0.02). The values of CAL were also observed more in obese subjects (p=0.01). The BOP was also positive in 23 obese subjects followed by 12 subjects in the overweight category (p=0.03). The calculus deposition and 4-5 mm pocket depth were also observed in 10 and 11 obese subjects, which is higher than the number observed in other groups (p<0.001). No statistically significant correlation between WHR was observed with PPD and BOP. However, CAL had a significant association with WHR (p=0.01). The correlation between CPI and WHR was also statistically significant (p=0.001).

Conclusion: The study demonstrates a positive association between markers of periodontal health and obesity. This suggests that obesity may be a potential causal factor in the development of periodontitis.